名词性从句讲解 定语从句知识点

名词性从句讲解名词性从句是英语语法中一个重要的组成部分,它在句子中起到名词的影响,可以充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。掌握名词性从句的结构和用法,有助于进步阅读领会和写作能力。

一、名词性从句的定义

名词性从句是由一个连词引导的从句,其影响相当于一个名词,在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语或同位语。常见的引导词有:that, whether, if, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how 等。

二、名词性从句的类型

根据在句中的功能不同,名词性从句可分为下面内容四类:

类型 功能 引导词示例 举例说明
主语从句 作主语 that, whether, what, how That he is late is known to all.
宾语从句 作动词或介词的宾语 that, whether, if, what, who I know that he is coming.
表语从句 作系动词后的表语 that, whether, why, how The problem is that we have no time.
同位语从句 解释或说明前面的名词 that, whether, what The fact that he passed the exam surprised everyone.

三、名词性从句的注意事项

1. that 在从句中不充当成分,但不能省略(除非在口语中)。

– 例句:I believe that he is honest.

(“that”不可省略)

2. whether 和 if 都表示“是否”,但 whether 可以与 or not 连用,而 if 不行。

– 例句:I don’t know whether he will come or not.

(正确)

I don’t know if he will come or not.

(错误)

3. what, which, who 等引导词在从句中充当成分,如主语、宾语等。

– 例句:He asked what you wanted.

(“what”在从句中作宾语)

4. how, when, where, why 等引导词表示方式、时刻、地点、缘故等。

– 例句:She didn’t tell me where she went.

(“where”在从句中作地点状语)

四、常见错误与辨析

错误用法 正确用法 缘故说明
I don’t know if he is coming. I don’t know whether he is coming. “if”不能与“or not”连用
The question is that he is lying. The question is whether he is lying. “that”不能引导表语从句
He said that he was tired. He said that he was tired. “that”不可省略

五、拓展资料

名词性从句在英语中用途广泛,领会其结构和用法对提升语言表达能力至关重要。通过掌握不同类型的从句及其引导词,可以更准确地分析和构造复杂句型。同时,注意一些常见错误,如 that 的使用、whether 与 if 的区别等,能有效避免语法错误,进步语言准确性。

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